The signal to be amplified and a pump laser are multiplexed into the doped fiber, and the signal is amplified through interaction with the doping ions. The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth of the internet have sparked intense demand for expanded bandwidth in all network layers, resulting in significant advances in erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa technology. Phb reduces the gain and the ase in the signals state of. Principles and applications offered an important exploration of the theninfant technology of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. The most common example is the erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa, where the. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous twolevel laser medium. Implementation of three functional devices using erbium. Erbium doped fibers provide the basic building blocks for fiber optic amplifiers more specifically erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfas used in broadband optical networks and catv applications. Thorlabs corepumped erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfas offer 20 dbm 100 mw output power with a low noise figure of fiber. Advances in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers 175 10,000 3000 300 100 3 1 0. Below is the plot of group delay gd as a function of wavelength for three different pump powers for er304125 and er808125 erbiumdoped fiber. Rp photonics encyclopedia erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Gain and noise figure performance of erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa a. The gain dynamics of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are studied both experimentally and theoretically.
In particular, the possibility of obtaining very small or very largemode area with this new kind of optical fibers has been exploited to realize new fiber lasers 6. Performance analysis of erbium doped fiber amplifiers and. Student laboratory experiments on erbium doped fiber. The 9000edfa series are high quality, erbium doped fiber amplifiers used to extend signals in longhaul optical communications applications. Pdf modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers semantic. The amplified output signals can be transmitted through 60100km before further amplification is required. Osa highgain erbiumdoped travelingwave fiber amplifier. The scope of this paper is to analyze the output signal power with pump power and length variation in cascaded edfa simulation model performance. Complete analysis of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers technical paper christian hentschel, edgar leckel. Raman amplifier gain equations gr is called the raman gain coefficient units of mw.
Advances in erbium doped fiber amplifiers 175 10,000 3000 300 100 3 1 0. We report and characterize an amplifier which provides gain to a record six spatial modes simultaneously. The first case can be described by a threelevel laser model whereas the second case is a quasithreelevel system. Volume iva all rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Principles and applications offered an important exploration of the theninfant technology of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Pdf gain and noise figure performance of erbium doped fiber. Numerical methods are used to analyze the effects of optical modes and erbium confinement on amplifier performance, and to calculate both the gain and amplified spontaneous emission ase spectra. The overall gain excursion does not exceed 4db across all modes. The spectroscopic features and laser properties of erbiumdoped silica glass are outlined first,followed by a description of the gain and saturation characteristics of. The core of the fiber is doped with erbium and is typically pumped with 980 or 1480 nm to produce gain around 1550 nm cband or 1590 nm lband.
Modeling the saturation induced by broadband pulses amplified in. Gain flatness is a difficult goal to achieve in a system which can be achieved using cascaded edfa erbium. Pp ap here are some typical numbers for the raman amp. A difference in strongsignal gain between copropagating and counterpropagating signal pump schemes in the presence of pump excitedstate absorption is predicted, and this is confirmed by experiment. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers is a bonafide work done by mr. Performance analysis of erbium doped fiber amplifiers and fwm characteristics in a passive optical network.
Erbium doped fiber amplifier 30mw400mw edfa booster amplifier advanced lcd type. The noise performance of an erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is characterized by modeling optical amplifiers as fourlevel or threelevel systems. Erbium doped fiber is the core technology of edfa, which is a conventional silica fiber doped with erbium ions as the gain medium. The term doping refers to the process of using chemical elements to facilitate results. Lecture erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa notes edurev. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are an important technology for lightwave voice, video, and data transmission. In the last case, there are two levels in the light generation. The optical signal is injected into this fiber, along with the light from a special pump laser that is designed to excite the erbium ions. Erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa an amplifier is used to boost optical signals to higher power, often used both at launch and within a signal network to maintain a high signal power. Erbium doped fiber laser obtain the power spectrum of the constructed fiber laser. A description is made of the basic physics and characteristics of erbiumdoped fibers amplifiers edfas.
Performance analysis of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. The detriment in the noise figure previously associated. Sep 03, 2015 the signals and pump are combined through a wdm coupler and launched into an erbium doped fiber edf. It is used in the telecommunications field and in various types of research fields. Atomic level ions and atoms are critical for the amplification phenomena. Optical ampsraman and erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers pp. Randy giles, member, ieee, and emmanuel desurvire, member, ieee invited paper abstracterbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the.
Thus we can use erbium doped fiber and pump laser to construct an optical amplifier, which called erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa. The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth of the internet have sparked intense demand for expanded bandwidth in all network layers, resulting in significant advances in erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa technology. Srivastava, and liyan zhang in wavelengthdivisionmultiplexing systems with optical ampli. With product ranges available offering polarization maintaining, bendinsensitive, rareearth doped, claddingpump and photosensitive fibers. Efficient multiwavelength dynamic model for erbiumdoped fiber. Two sections of erbium doped fibre with different modedependent gain characteristics are concatenated to equalize gain between modes. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 320 times. Fibers with confined erbium doping are completely characterized from easily. Erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa used in wdm system. Bibliography includes bibliographical references p. Analytic modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers on the basis of intensitydependent overlapping factors. At least the loss limitation can be partially canceled out by the introduction of optical. The optimum fiber length for maximum gain is determined experimentally.
The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth of the internet have sparked intense demand for expanded bandwidth in all network layers, resulting in. Review of erbiumdoped fiber amplifier article pdf available in international journal of physical sciences 620 september 2011 with 2,099 reads how we measure reads. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers has been written by early pioneers in the development of fiber amplifier technology and optically amplified systems. Design of multimode erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers for low. Erbium fiber amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly important topic of optical amplification. With over 30 years experience of the specialty optical fiber industry, fibercore ltd, the world leader in its field, is exclusively dedicated to the design, manufacture and commercialization of specialty fibers. He development of erbiumdoped glass fibers has been a. Numerical solution of a general rateequation model of an erbiumdoped fiber amplifier highlights several important features of the device. It is shown that the transients associated with gain saturation and gain recovery during multichannel amplification have long characteristic times, i.
Written by three bell labs pioneers, the book stresses the importance of the interrelation of materials properties, optical properties, and systems aspects of optical fiber amplifiers. Theoretical modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers with. Erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is a high performance, small size of the fiber amplifier products. The erbiumion doped fiber is pumped by feeding the light from a laser pump diode, through a coupler, into the erbium ion. Group delay is the time required for information in a signal i. All discbased content for this title is now available on the web. Modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers ieee journals. Its core is the erbiumdoped optical fiber, which is typically a singlemode fiber. In the shown case, the active fiber is pumped with light from two laser diodes bidirectional pumping, although unidirectional pumping in the forward or backward direction codirectional and counterdirectional pumping. The amplifier is based on erbium doped fiber, and can be incorporated directly into an optical network, avoiding the need to convert optical signals to. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers are traditionally pumped with either 980 nm or 1480 nm laser diodes, which correspond to exciting 11 2 4i and 2 4i levels respectively. Cem cokrak, ahmet altuncu 1112 and therefore it is ideal for the optical fiber communication systems operating at this wavelength range. Thus we can use erbiumdoped fiber and pump laser to construct an optical amplifier, which called erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are traditionally pumped with either 980 nm or 1480 nm laser diodes, which correspond to exciting 11 2 4i and 2 4i levels respectively.
Doped fiber amplifiers dfas are optical amplifiers that use a doped optical fiber as a gain medium to amplify an optical signal. The book guides the reader from the most fundamental aspects of fiber amplifiers all the way to system design and applications. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers emmanuel desurvire, dominique. An erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa is a device that amplifies an optical fiber signal. Available in boost, inline, and preamp configurations, the different models cover various transmission scenarios at points all along the optical communications path. Two bands have developed in the third transmission window the conventional, or cband, from approximately 1525 nm 1565 nm, and the long, or lband, from. The erbium ion is a crucial factor for the generation of the stimulated and spontaneous emission. When the link consists of a number of concatenated amplifiers, then these statistics may lead to changes in received power level and even system failure. Optical fiber amplifiers are dominating the loss compensation in fiber optic communications systems, especially the erbium doped types for communication spectrum based on silica fibers. In steady state, dn2 dt 0, the ratio of level 1 and level 2 population to the total population can be written as.
Boosting of an optical signal without any conversion of. Two sections of erbiumdoped fibre with different modedependent gain characteristics are concatenated to equalize gain between modes. The internal use of stability high power semiconductor laser, the high stability of wdm, isolator, and high gain erbiumdoped fiber. Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbiumdoped fiber. The choice of the model of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers edfas is a key issue. The core element of a fiber amplifier is a piece of rareearthdoped fiber, which can provide. Apr 07, 2020 lecture erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Modeling is a key feature of erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa design because of the absorption of power at 9801480 nm and emission in 15251565 nm cband and 15701610 nm lband.
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers are an important technology for lightwave voice, video, and data transmission. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are the by far most important fiber amplifiers in the context of longrange optical fiber communications. Noise performance of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers with. In fiber amplifiers, low modedependent gain mdg minimizes the loss of capacity and the potential for outage 7. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous twolevel laser medium.
Below is the plot of group delay gd as a function of wavelength for three different pump powers for er304125 and er808125 erbium doped fiber. According to the research performed in recent years, it is known that the pumping of erbium doped fiber at 980 nm or. Construction of a fiber laser in order to construct a fiber laser, connect the output port of the edfa to its input port by way of a star coupler as shown in fig. Written by one of the pioneers in the field, this unique reference provides.
The erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa has be come one of the key. The edf amplifiers and lasers kit is in fact part of an integrated photonics. This option allows users to search by publication, volume and page selecting this option will search the current publication in context. Pdf analytic modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers based on. The internal use of stability high power semiconductor laser, the high stability of wdm, isolator, and high gain erbium doped fiber.
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa objectives in this lecture you will learn the following composition of rare earth doped fiber principle of edfa rate equations gain erbium doped fiber. State of art manoj ramesh rao r, johny richards r, joel manohar, mr. Design and development of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to build optical amplifiers with pdgs. The amplifier is based on erbium doped fiber, and can be incorporated directly into an optical network, avoiding the need to convert optical signals to electrical signals for amplification and relaunch. Here, we study multimode erbium doped fiber amplifiers mmedfas for signals spatially multiplexed in 12 modes six spatial modes in two polarizations. The fundamental chapters address the important aspects of noise theory.
Boosting of an optical signal without any conversion of the. Here, we study multimode erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers mmedfas for signals spatially multiplexed in 12 modes six spatial modes in two polarizations. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers has been written by early pioneers in the development of fiber amplifier technology and optically amplified systems. The gain and noise performance are then examined under forward and reverse pumping. Basic physics of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers springerlink. Erbium doped fiber amplifier 30mw400mw edfa booster. The 980 nm energy pumps the erbium atom into a slowly decaying, excited state. Analytic modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers based on intensitydependent overlapping factors. The erbiumdoped optical fiber is usually tens of meters long.
February 1991 27 1 modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers c. Analytical formula for the transient response of erbium. These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Pdf modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers semantic scholar. An erbiumdoped fiber is an optical fiber of which the core is doped with rareearth element erbium ions er3 that is rare earth material 3. The noise performance of an erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa is characterized by modeling optical amplifiers as fourlevel or threelevel systems. Selecting this option will search all publications across the scitation platform selecting this option will search all publications for the publishersociety in context. The analytic expressions presented, which involve the solution of one transcendental equation, can predict signal gains and pump absorptions in an amplifier containing an arbitrary number of pumps and signals from.
We present an analytical formula for the transient power of the. Modeling of gain in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers ieee. A limit in signaltonoise ratio that is due to concurrent amplification of spontaneous emission is observed. An analytic method is described for fully characterizing the gain of an erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa that is based on easily measured monochromatic absorption data. Pdf mathematical modeling of lband erbium doped fiber. Analytical formula for the transient response of erbiumdoped. Invited paper en efficient simulation model of the erbiumdoped.